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Almond oil is frequently used in natural cosmetic products because it\u2019s a light carrier oil that works well with most skin types. It is produced by cold pressing the nuts to extract their light yellow oil. The largest producer of almonds is the United States, producing about 80% of the world\u2019s supply.<\/p>\n
Although the almond has a hard shell protecting the nut before it is cold pressed to extract the oil, and almonds do not appear to be some of the most heavily sprayed crops, there are reports of various pesticide and other chemical residues routinely found on them. The US Department of Agriculture reports various pesticides that are frequently found on almonds<\/a>.<\/p>\n To use one example of commonly used pesticide, the USDA estimates that an insecticide called chlorpyrifos<\/em> is found on almonds about 35% of the time. Chlorpyrifos is moderately toxic to humans, and exposure has been linked to neurological effects, persistent developmental disorders, and autoimmune disorders. Most use in homes has been banned since 2001 in the U.S.\u00a0In agriculture, it remains “one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides”.\u00a0Another pesticide called Phosmet, found on almonds about 5% of the time,\u00a0has a moderately high toxicity through the skin.<\/span><\/p>\n Cocoa production is frequently blighted by disease and insects, which is why a comprehensive pesticide spraying exercise is used in many countries that produce cocoa beans. The amount of insecticides and fungicides has increased year upon year as worldwide production and demand continues to increase.<\/p>\n The cocoa bean has a high content of butter or fat which absorbs the active ingredients in insecticides. Thankfully, though some insecticide residues are sometimes found in the shells, they are hardly found in the nib which is used in cocoa\u00a0manufacture.\u00a0Nonetheless, international standards have been set to regulate the use of pesticides in the cocoa industry because it can taint the flavour of chocolate. Traders look at the Maximum Residue Limits of pesticides in cocoa exports.<\/p>\n Unfortunately these limits are not always met and good agricultural practices are not adhere to\u00a0on certain\u00a0smallholder farms.\u00a0A study undertaken in Ghana<\/a> showed that current chemical control practices in cocoa production result in more environmental damage than benefit.<\/p>\n Global citrus production has suffered many setbacks over the last decade with one particular disease called ‘citrus greening’\u00a0attacking the worldwide billion dollar citrus industry. Citrus greening\u00a0is caused by a bacteria carried by insects. In order to keep this disease under control and maintain the commercial viability of the citrus industry, various insecticides are used several times a year. This list of insecticides typically includes neonicotinoids, which have recently come under intense scrutiny in light of their links to bee population collapse.<\/p>\n Pesticides on citrus fruit tend to accumulate in the outer layer – the peel – which is also the part of the fruit used for the essential oil. Since it can take several kilograms of fruit peel to extract several millilitres of essential oil, the concentration of pesticides in the essential oil could be higher than those found in the fruit.<\/p>\n Various studies have looked at the residue of pesticides in citrus essential oils in particular and found that the levels vary depending on which country you buy your essential oil from. This study<\/a> found largest pesticide quantities in citrus essential oils from Brazil and Spain. The study also found an overall decrease in the use of pesticides in general in citrus fruit in comparison to previous years, which is great news.<\/p>\n Thankfully, most pesticides are fairly poorly absorbed through the skin, with estimates of only 10% being absorbed (Hotchkiss, 1994<\/a>). Nonetheless, no one would choose to voluntarily apply biocides to their skin, which is why the organic movement is growing steadily every year and why the sales in organic personal care products are increasingly rapidly<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Here at Formula Botanica we always recommend using organic products wherever possible. We have taught in over 40 countries and many of our students have gone on to launch beautiful natural and organic skincare brands<\/a> all around the world (and we’re so proud of them!).<\/p>\n2. Cocoa butter (Theobroma cacao<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h1>\n
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Cocoa butter is used a lot in natural cosmetics because of its wonderful moisturising properties. You\u2019ll frequently find it in creams, lotions and balms. It is the pale yellow hard fat extracted from the cocoa bean. The beans are fermented, roasted and then separated from their hulls and about 55% of the residue is cocoa butter.<\/p>\n3. Citrus essential oils<\/strong><\/h1>\n
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There are over 400 chemicals that are used as biocides on aromatic plants and most of these carry over during steam distillation (see Tisserand\u2019s Essential Oil Safety<\/a> for more information). Oils that are extracted using solvents, such as absolutes, are even more likely to retain pesticides, as are expressed oils such as citrus oils.<\/p>\n
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